The year 2025 marks a turning point in Middle Eastern history: the balance of power has noticeably shifted towards the strengthening of Sunni movements, while Shiite groups closely linked to Iran have weakened. These changes coincide with increased conflict and violence in countries including Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Yemen, and Palestine.
Key Trends and Challenges
- Growing influence of Sunni political and military forces
A military coup in Syria and Sunni electoral success in Jordan are reshaping the political landscape. - Deepening Israel-Iran confrontation
Intensified military actions and strikes increase the risk of a large-scale conflict. Israel targets Iranian assets across the region while Tehran supports proxy groups. - Humanitarian crises and social tensions
Large-scale operations and blockades in Gaza worsen conditions, hinder aid, and fuel internal Palestinian conflicts.
Major Conflicts and Actors in the Region (2025)
| Country | Main Actors | Conflict Overview |
|---|---|---|
| Syria | Government, Kurds, Opposition | Military coup, ongoing instability |
| Iraq | Government, Sunnis, Shiites | Rising violence and political instability |
| Lebanon | Government, Hezbollah | Persistent tensions with Israel |
| Yemen | Houthis, Government | Civil war and humanitarian crisis |
| Palestine | Hamas, Fatah | Intra-group conflicts and Israeli clashes |
Looking Ahead
Despite international efforts, conflict resolution remains distant. Escalating violence and political disputes threaten regional stability. Open issues—from territorial control to Palestinian rights—require sustained dialogue and diplomacy.